Sistemas Participativos de Garantia (SPG) como alternativa de certificação de produtos orgânicos em sistemas agroalimentares sustentáveis
Palavras-chave:
Agroecologia, Certificação, Governança, Participação, Sul GlobalResumo
A certificação de produtos orgânicos por meio de Sistemas Participativos de Garantia (SPG) tem se apresentado como uma alternativa financeiramente mais acessível para a obtenção da certificação orgânica, mas também como um meio para a construção de sistemas agroalimentares mais sustentáveis. Neste sentido, o presente estudo, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, buscou sistematizar os principais achados relatados na literatura científica sobre tais sistemas, no intuito de identificar os principais benefícios, obstáculos, além de sua articulação com princípios da agroecologia e segurança alimentar. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram selecionados 29 artigos nas bases Web of Science e Scopus versando sobre o SPG. Os estudos foram analisados com o auxílio do software StArt. De modo geral, o SPG tem se consolidado como uma alternativa à certificação por terceira parte (CTP), a mais empregada mundialmente, especialmente em países do Norte Global. Sendo uma iniciativa com o pioneirismo brasileiro, o SPG tem se expandido por diversos países do Sul Global, mas encontrado o reconhecimento legal como um entrave para seu avanço. Em termos de processos, CTP e SPG possuem características semelhantes, no entanto, o caráter coletivo do SPG se destaca por possibilitar uma série de benefícios muito particulares, atrelados aos ganhos de capital social, tais como a troca de conhecimentos e construção de relações de confiança. Nota-se que, o SPG tem se caracterizado por um conjunto de práticas e saberes articulados com os princípios da agroecologia, sendo um exemplo de “epistemologia do sul”, como defendido por Boaventura de Sousa Santos
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